Gto wizard icm. Login to GTO WizardA “chopped board” in poker is one where the community cards make up the best 5-card hand for the majority of hands in both players’ ranges. Gto wizard icm

 
 Login to GTO WizardA “chopped board” in poker is one where the community cards make up the best 5-card hand for the majority of hands in both players’ rangesGto wizard icm  Mathematically it’s defined as follows: Equity% = (win% + 0

On top of that, you can practice 10 hands every day in each of our. SearchBrowse GTO solutions. Dynamic Sizing outperforms more complex strategies in practice when time/convergence. Once this option is enabled, every hand you play will be saved in the destination folder. Today, we’ll examine one of the most epic final table battles I’ve ever witnessed! Our adventure begins during the Triton Super High Roller Series in London. The ChipEV model shoves 30. This will open a menu that allows you to enter all the information needed to build a heads up tree. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. Instead, these tools are best used to understand big-picture concepts such as stack depth, range advantage, nut advantage, bet sizing, and position. General formula: X% Pot Sized Raise = X% (2×Bet + Pot) + Bet. / 16 sec. GTO; Analyze your hand histories with 1-click; Works on Desktop/Mobile/Tablet; 27th October 2022Wizards, today we are releasing thousands of new solutions & more! ICM MTT (3way-8way); Final Table, 368 new. As you can see, the strategy changes significantly even halfway through an event. 具体的には、200人参加の9maxトーナメント、Avg. Improvements. / 14 sec. You are just one click away from crushing your competition Study 10,000,000+ presolved solutions Practice by playing vs. These values can be thought of as GTO Wizard AI’s intuition: an understanding of the value of its hand in any given situation. 045% accuracy in single-raised pots. If you understand the theory of poker, there is not a lot you need to do differently to adapt from one format to the other, except for understanding ICM, which is a. Last time we discussed the ICM considerations in game selection, we looked at field size, which has major implications regarding profitability, variance, and just how tight or loose one should play. Login to GTO WizardA “chopped board” in poker is one where the community cards make up the best 5-card hand for the majority of hands in both players’ ranges. Each plan has unique features for the game type (for example, ICM and PKO solutions for MTTs), but all of them have the following features: GTO Wizard Subscription Plans; Starter (from $39/month) Premium (from $69/month) Elite (from $109/month)Crush with GTO Wizard ©2023 GTO Wizard. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Risk premium is defined as the extra equity you'd need to call someone's shove, compared to a (chip EV) pot odds calculation. Betting will also increase the proportion of strong hands like AJ and KQ in range in OOP’s range, weakening your outs. We’re launching a new Elite tier for the best of the best. All these simulations were run with 40bb symmetric stacks, meaning all players have the. If you have read my previous GTO Wizard articles and my books, you’ll know I am a… 26/09/2023 13 min. What is ICM in poker? ICM is a mathematical equation that explains how not every chip in a poker. A “delayed c-bet” means checking the flop as the preflop aggressor, then betting the turn. – Support of iPoker for the HH Analyzer. Table Management in PKOsGTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. 3% of the pot. Player vs player analysis for combos, EV, EQ, made hands and draws. ICM incentivizes more conservative play, which means that at stages of the tournament where risk premiums are… 01/05/2023 6 min. We compared GTO Wizard solutions at different tournament phases to identify how the strategy changes throughout the MTT. Any All Stars Formats. 23% accuracy. Few hands are strong enough to risk a big confrontation with you, so the blinds fold relatively often and three-bet rarely. The more the flop helps them relative to the BB, the more often they will bet. What is ICM in poker? A commonly used acronym for the term independent chip model. Risk premium is defined as the extra equity you'd need to call someone's shove, compared to a (chip EV) pot odds calculation. Articles and coachings to take your game to the next level. GTO and exploitative play go hand-in-hand. This powerful technology can accurately solve any poker spot in seconds! Unlike presolved solutions, custom solving allows you to edit the solving parameters. How ICM Impacts BB Defense in Poker. You mostly just need to think of all your hands as “ ranking up ” as a result of both players having wider ranges. This intuition, just like human intuition, needed to be trained, and computer programs. Continuation betting from out of position can be a dicey proposition in single-raised pots. 2% of the time. . Get started. ICM basics. 66 and 2nd place wins $33. Theory. this statement comes from a crusher on the asian/pacific mtt circuit from a couple of years ago. ICM戦略 -Preflop編-. HU SnG (FREE for a limited time) General (4-8 sizings, 0. 今回のnoteでは、ICM及びリスクプレミアムがPreflop戦略に与える影響についてGTO Wizardを使って考察していきたいと思います。. Delayed C-Betting. Skip to content. Say goodbye to the limitations of presolved solutions with GTO Wizard AI! In the past, we solved spots using traditional solvers, then uploaded them to a library of solutions. 19/01/2023 20 min. Alpha: Villain is risking 15 to win 15. Select the “Breakdown” tab, and you will see all your hand and draw categories and how much they are represented in. In this update, we’ve introduced a new Practice Mode statistics page, better performance metrics, and the ability to review previously practiced hands and sessions! It’s the best way to improve your poker skills!Today, we are proud to introduce another technological breakthrough – GTO Wizard AI. Start crushing with GTO WizardUpload your most recent hand histories first. / 14 sec. One is to select ‘Strategy+EV’ from the Strategy dropdown menu. Another method is to select ‘EV’ from that same menu. Linus Fights Back Against Berri Sweet. The Simplified solutions are solved to an eye-watering 0. I've been immersed in the world of poker since 2003. C-Betting IP in 3-Bet Pots. It is a popular GTO solver that operates postflop spots with arbitrary starting ranges, stack sizes, bet sizes, and chosen accuracy. SearchGTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. You can expect the next update for the HH analyzer to come very soon. It is, in other words, a calculation of risk and reward: the money in the effective stack is the most any player could be. This poker training software will help you improve your push/fold skills and make profitable decisions in every early, middle, and late-stage situation. ICMとはIndependent Chip Modelの略で、トーナメントのスタックを賞金の期待値に変換する数式です。 In this series, we have looked at factors that can influence ranges in otherwise identical scenarios. GTO Wizard now offers ICM solutions. stack sizes and facing opponents in early, middle, and late positions. GTO Wizard is an advanced GTO trainer that shows you how to play against a perfect opponent. We can look at a spot in the GTO Wizard that highlights this. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. This poker training software’s intuitive interface allows you to build decision trees and let solvers guide you. [具体1] SBvsBTN 3bp. SearchWe are excited to introduce GTO Wizard AI, formerly known as Ruse, the world’s best and fastest artificial intelligence solver, empowering players with previously unthinkable study methods. Now you have to choose if you want to upload files or just a folder. If you call $5, you need to recoup $5 in the long run. Malmuth and is one of the most important formulas for understanding tournament poker strategy! But it took us almost 35 years to fully utilize the concept… The Most Powerful Play in Poker. SearchGo to the User Settings screen and choose the Game settings tab, and the Hand History option. That means you cannot specify a rake structure, choose ICM. Start crushing with GTO WizardYou can use these solutions completely for free for a limited time. Sticky: [GTO] GTO Wizard. You are just one click away from crushing your competition Study 10,000,000+ presolved solutions Practice by playing vs. GTO Wizard solves to an accuracy of 0. 5% strategies gain EV everywhere except for the 2nd and 1st placement. player is posting their big blind next, and they might be better off shoving a wider range to avoid the less profitable spot of being pot-committed the next hand. One custom tip to get you better at poker everyday. In PKO tournaments, when a player eliminates another player, they typically receive a cash prize for half of the eliminated player’s bounty. / 49 sec. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. When studying with solvers, it is essential. Each plan has unique features for the game type (for example ICM and PKO solutions for MTTs) but all of them have the following features: GTO Wizard Subscription Plans; Starter (from $39/month) Premium. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Set the rake – 5% to a 0. ) General 2. How we solved our solutions. 3% of the starting pot depending on the solution type. Go to Top Skip to content. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Browse GTO solutions. This view will help you view your range from the perspective of your hand/draw categories and their actions. When people talk about game selection in multi-table tournaments (MTTs), they invariably talk about the number of recreational players there are and/or the prize pool that is being guaranteed. Final 3 ICM scenarios MTT 293 Giving up. Intensive case management (ICM) teams provide a team-based model of care, serving individuals with severe substance use and who may be living with mental illness and/or. UTG Strategy by turn card, after bet 33%-call line on 9 ♠ 8 ♠ 6 ♥. 3x, BTN 2. The world’s most elite players gathered to compete in the $40k Mystery Bounty tournament. txt files compatible with PioViewer, Pro Poker Tools and more!Alpha (α) = $200/ ($200 + $160) Alpha (α) = 55. 3-6 sizings. GTO Wizard is the ultimate all-in-one GTO tool. So, you can use ICMIZER to go even one step further thanks to the Future Game Simulation (FGS). Crush with GTO Wizard. C-betting as the aggressor is one of the most profitable spots and, therefore, an essential skill to master for any successful player. If you want to get all the money in by the river, then betting geometrically will force the widest theoretical defence. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. MTTs, Spin & Go and HUSNGs. Once this option is enabled, every hand you play will be saved in the destination folder. These solutions account for pay jumps which can drastically alter the right strategy. GTO+ is a postflop only solver, so it won't tell you how to play preflop because the compute complexity ramps up exponentially, and its only designed for post flop solving. Once this option is enabled, every hand you play will be saved in the destination folder. You should expect to have a weaker range postflop and to lose more pots than you win. ”. Thus, the GTO approach is to play in a way that minimizes the amount and. ポーカーの座学としてGTO Wizardを使ってFlopの集合分析をしたときの雑記です。. What’s new in GTO Wizard. There is being covered, then there is being really covered. As a tournament player, you may have heard about the concept of “ICM”, but what does this actually mean? The Independent Chip Model (ICM) is a mathematical formula that converts your tournament stack into a monetary value. SearchBrowse GTO solutions. Practice in Slow Motion. Then choose the Fixed or Dynamic option to specify bet sizes. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. In practice, GTO solutions are not solved to perfect accuracy, they are solved to a certain exploitability threshold. The following chart shows the BB’s strategy for responding to both a limp and a raise from the SB at various stages of a tournament. SearchGTO Wizard archive Articles. Let’s recap: Pot odds are a risk/reward calculation that tells you what portion of the pot you need to win to recoup your investment. In practice, GTO solutions are not solved to perfect accuracy, they are solved to a certain exploitability threshold. Each plan has unique features for the game type (for example ICM and PKO solutions for MTTs) but all of them have the following features: GTO Wizard Subscription Plans; Starter (from $39/month) Premium. GTO Strategies start to converge at a nash distance below 1% pot. I'm finding when inputting some of the GTO Wizard ranges into CardrunnersEV to study some preflop things, the defense percentages don't match up, even though the combo counts match. But you can toggle the switches labeled “Apply flop settings to all streets” and “Apply same settings as OOP” to customize sizings separately for each street and player. / 26 sec. The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. GTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. You can modify ranges, adjust the stack and pot size, add or remove actions, customize the. ICM is a model that translates the value of a tournament chip to actual cash value, better known as tournament equity. SearchGTO Wizard is an advanced GTO trainer that shows you how to play against a perfect opponent. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. When comparing the mathematical consequences of a 50% bet against a 50% raise we see that, unlike pot odds, MDF and Alpha do not scale with pot%. GTO Wizard offers a free plan that includes pre-flop charts, one post-flop solution per day, and. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. Despite being a general approach poker bot designed to solve games of any stack size, GTO Wizard AI achieved the best win rate ever recorded against Slumbot in its format of expertise, an astounding 19. Articles ICM Basics When does ICM become significant in MTTs? Other terms Board. There appears to be slightly more donk betting as the opener’s position gets later, but even that is not true. GTO Wizard has combined the power of artificial intelligence with traditional solving methods to bring you high-quality… 19/07/2023 8 min. Login - GTO Wizard. Many players believe that if they. Playing in position against a three-bettor is a lesson in playing to your advantages. – Improved Horizontal view in. Then choose the Fixed or Dynamic option to specify bet sizes. When contemplating a flop overbet, three crucial factors should be taken into account: Nut advantage – Determine who possesses a higher proportion of strong, premium hands within their range. GTO Wizard. In this article, we will delve into the world of flop heuristics. For example BTN 3Bet vs UTG - the UTG 4Bet % is slightly lower in. Check out our PRO Poker Membership today for just $50/month! Our poker coaches list their essential poker strategy software for 2022. 7% of the available river EV compared to playing a very complicated strategy. What is ICM in poker? A commonly used acronym for the term independent chip model. GTO + is an advanced poker program to help you specifically analyze heads-up no limit hold’em play. One custom tip to get you better at poker everyday. GTO Wizard ©️ 2023. average flop donk betting frequency at equilibrium at a variety of MTT. The model would estimate how likely each remaining player was to finish in every position based on. The new ICM MTT solutions cover final table(s) preflop strategies with 3 to 8 players remaining. An ICM calculation is essentially something that projects finish distributions (solely based on the size of chip stacks) in the tournament and if both Koon and the. GTO poker strategy at your fingertips. Bug fixes. 5BB and 97. GTO. GTO Wizard. Check them out now! ICM Basics As a tournament player, you may have heard about the concept of “ICM”, but what does this actually mean? The Independent Chip Model (ICM) is a mathematical formula that converts your tournament stack into a monetary value. Copy the ranges directly from the Ranges Tab provided in the link above. However, to celebrate the introduction of GTO Wizard AI, we’re offering a limited time Early Bird Discount starting from $109/month! The Elite tier offers unlimited exclusive access to GTO Wizard AI custom. This is a companion piece to this article on the SB’s strategy for blind vs blind play under ICM pressure. Hero needs to fold at least ½ of the time for villain to break even on a 0% equity bluff. What is Risk Premium in poker? Risk Premium measures the extra risk you take stacking off in an MTT. GTO Wizard solutions are solved to an accuracy of around 0. Select the “Breakdown” tab, and you will see all your hand and draw categories and how much they are represented in. GTO+ is advanced Hold'em game theory analysis software, with one of the most intuitive interfaces available today. Learn about our Game Features at 888poker. Features coming very soon:ICM basics Other terms Tight Tilt Top kicker Top pair Top two Toy Game Trap Trips Turbo Start crushing with GTO Wizard Get started The ultimate tool to elevate your game. 6BB cap. In PKO tournaments, when a player eliminates another player, they typically receive a cash prize for half of the eliminated player’s bounty. Accuracy 0. 42. Try it for free at solutions • Practice GTO • Analyze hand history And man. Thankfully we have a way of making informed decisions on the fly in the late stages using a concept called Bubble Factor. As rake increases, ranges typically tighten but are played more aggressively. 005% accuracy in 4bet pots, and 0. 40bb/25bbで、UTG/HJ/BTNの. Rather, our solver employs artificial intelligence to estimate the EV of all possible betting strategies while accounting for the player’s ranges, stacks, board, etc. There are simply far too many scenarios to memorize. BB facing LJ open: What do you guys think about the significance of ICM in the early to mid stages of tournaments?Perhaps the most important strategic consideration in Progressive Knockout Tournaments (PKOs) is making sure you cover your opponents. Train like a Pro. This is a companion piece to Probe Betting. ICM incentivizes more conservative play, which means that at stages of the tournament where risk premiums are highest, action is more likely to fold around to the blinds. Crush with GTO Wizard. See you there! We are thrilled to announce that Hand History Analyzer. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. kai. GTO vs Exploitative. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. You should defend less often facing a raise than an initial bet of the same size. Another method is to select ‘EV’ from that same menu. How ICM Impacts BB Defense in Poker. What is ICM in poker? A commonly used acronym for the term independent chip model. Last time we discussed the ICM considerations in game selection, we looked at field size, which has… 11/09/2023 14 min. RP = Required Equity (ICM) - Required Equity (cEV) when stacks are fully invested. GTO Wizard. How ICM Impacts BB Defense in Poker. Mobile UI improvements. 0. ICM calculations are based on the stacks and payouts of all players remaining in the tournament. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker tournament? The Simplified solutions are solved to an eye-watering 0. Learn about our Game Features at 888poker. SearchBrowse GTO solutions. This is what we would refer to as a standard payout structure. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. The central strategic implication of stack depth is the question of how much equity a player must expect to have to wager their entire stack profitably. 045% accuracy in single-raised pots. Rather, our solver employs artificial intelligence to estimate the EV of all possible betting strategies while accounting for the player’s ranges, stacks, board, etc. GTO Wizard is an advanced GTO trainer that shows you how to play against a perfect opponent. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. Learn about our Game Features at 888poker. stack sizes and facing opponents in early, middle, and late positions. Most of the bluffs consist of straight draws and weak board pairs. Search. You are just one click away from crushing your competition Study 10,000,000+ presolved solutions Practice by playing vs. Using raw equity doesn’t always work if future betting is allowed. Stack-to-pot ratio. You can import your own custom SPF solution files and, if you own SPF, use the SPF engine for real time turn and river solving to enhance your training. And due to the often long calculation times including ICM, a tool like GTO Wizard is perfect for cheating in this example. However, to celebrate the introduction of GTO Wizard AI, we’re offering a limited time Early Bird Discount starting from $109/month! The Elite tier offers unlimited exclusive access to GTO Wizard AI custom solves. Home; Articles; Videos; What’s new in GTO Wizard. – Added a Drawing mode. The aggressor on the previous street generally has the more polar range and so more incentive to bet, while players who just called the previous street have mostly medium-strength hands and less incentive to grow the pot. This view will help you view your range from the perspective of your hand/draw categories and their actions. Crush with GTO Wizard. Game theory, or GTO ( for Game Theoretically Optimal ), is best understood not as a rigid set of rules to be accepted or rejected but rather as a framework for thinking about poker, predicting your opponent’s actions, and improving your own decision making. Poker simulator for preflop, flop, turn, and river. Everyone starts with 10BBs, 1st place wins $66. ICM incentivizes more conservative play, which means that at. Wizards, today we are releasing multiple improvements, and. Support of Chico and CoinPoker hand histories. Whether you play cash games, MTTs, S&Gs, or Spin&Gos, our GTO solvers are designed to help. Let’s examine BB’s response to a flop C-Bet. Use a betting tree similar to the solution, including the overbets on later streets. GTO Wizard Review: My Favorite Poker Solver 2023. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. 9. One is to select ‘Strategy+EV’ from the Strategy dropdown menu. We’ve also introduced a huge variety of preflop cash solutions. Search. In the world of poker, the flop is a crucial stage of the game that sets the tone for the rest of the hand. New solutions filter + Trainer Improvements. By utilizing both DTO and GTO Wizard, you can elevate your game and gain a. 34. Final 3 ICM scenarios MTT 293 Giving up on the river Cash 292. One custom tip to get you better at poker everyday. It’s a measure of survival pressure and a valuable tool for understanding ICM. 000 flops from 300+ different heads up post-flop situations than can occur in the games. Login Format. ICM calculations are based on the stacks and payouts of all players remaining in the tournament. 1% to 0. New Breakdown view (Solution browser) We are introducing a new view for the Solution browser called “Breakdown. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. 3%–against this player: GTO Wizard also expects UTG to win about 10% less, on average, than against a tighter BTN caller. Without the nuts advantage, UTG can’t pressure BB’s medium-strength hands with big, polar bets and so uses smaller bets. PioSOLVER 2 GTO Trainer is a tool that allows you to practice your poker skill preparing you for real play. Dara and I were both very excited to discover that GTO Wizard is launching postflop ICM solutions soon! We have discovered several valuable heuristics about. As rake increases, ranges typically tighten but are played more aggressively. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. Hero should call any hand that wins more than ¼ of the time at showdown. Visit this page to learn about the business and what locals in Victoria. In order to do that, you need to weigh the long-term. In the PKO example, the SB hardly ever shoves, opting to raise 17. Rather, our solver employs artificial intelligence to estimate the EV of all possible betting strategies while accounting for the player’s ranges, stacks, board, etc. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. The most efficient way to find your leaks - see all your mistakes with just one click. The way this is captured is by taking the combined ICM value of the table (not the whole field), then expressing the EV as a percentage of that. A flat payout structure rewards those who make the money more equally. Now you can at least check afterwards if this specific board was solved with GTO WIZ on this FT. Browse GTO solutions. Ivan Banic utilizes the services of GTO Wizard to study various ICM preflop situations in an effort to pull some heuristics that we can easily implement for success on the tables. Conversely, they need you to fold at least 55. They achieve this by assuming that when there is a best option with a given hand, your opponents will make that play. . Crush with GTO Wizard. Nodelocking is a powerful new feature that allows you to define player’s strategies and craft exploits to crush the competition! You can set strategies by combo, hand category, or action frequency, then compare how the response changes. ICM calculations are based on the stacks and payouts of all players remaining in the tournament. To get started with the heads up preflop solver, create a new solution using GTO Wizard AI, then select Preflop. Go to the User Settings screen and choose the Game settings tab, and the Hand History option. To put that into perspective, our current General solutions are solved to 0. – GTO Wizard now speaks Polish and Hungarian. But you can toggle the switches labeled “Apply flop settings to all streets” and “Apply same settings as OOP” to customize sizings separately for each street and player. Written by. With 4bb, both models exclusively shove or fold. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. Final 3 ICM scenarios MTT 293 Giving up. Urgency – Strong but vulnerable holdings have more incentive to build the pot immediately. Here we can see how equity evolves multiway. 具体的には、200人参加の9maxトーナメント、Avg. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. This makes using a poker solver much easier. Today, we will look at ICM considerations where the payout structure is concerned. 10/06/2022 6 min. . MTTs, Spin & Go and HUSNGs. Game theory is a study of mathematical models of strategic interaction conceived by mathematician John Nash. What doesn’t get as much attention is the. Part 5: post flop and ICM (you are here) This post has affiliate links. Solver outputs such as those provided by GTO Wizard are models of no-limit hold ‘em, not a perfect blueprint for what you should actually do in a real poker situation. he binked mutiple mtts online and live in a short period of time. The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. So if, for example, the combined ICM value of the table is $1,000 and a hand has an EV. Take advantage of new and unique features for the ultimate GTO Training experience: Multitable Mode – Play up to four tables at the same time! Difficulty Mode – Group similar actions together to reduce the difficulty of your training experience. After you’ve selected your sizes, you can use the Tree editor to customize it further: Once you’re ready, create the solution and. This is very helpful, so you don’t have to choose files in multiple folders manually. Linus Fights Back Against Berri Sweet. There is another factor outside of your control that I wanted to discuss that significantly changes your strategy in endgame spots, and that is the stack size of the other players in the tournament. Hardware: 2 Cores, 8GB of RAM. GTO WizardでFlop分析してみた. In this example, the average stack is 40bb, and. Additionally, The stack-to-pot ratio is limited to. In addition to these UI/UX improvements, we are excited to announce brand new Progressive Knockout MTT ( PKO) solutions as well. Typical MTT payout structures pay between 15% and 20% of the field, with the lion’s share of the prize pool being paid to the final table, with around 30-40% of the prize pool going to the final three players. – Changed detail of Analyzed hand to show in-game bet size differently. Crush with GTO Wizard ©2023 GTO Wizard. You get more equity late registering in flatter payout structures. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. GTO. Most players understand how the Independent Chip Model (ICM) in poker impacts their strategy preflop, especially at shallow stack depths near the end of a tournament. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis.